第六十三章 道德经 · Dào Dé Jīng
图难于易,为大于细;圣人犹难之,故终无难。
原文
-
为无为,事无事,
-
味无味。
-
大小多少,报怨以德。
-
图难于其易,为大于其细;
-
天下难事必作于易,
-
天下大事必作于细。
-
是以圣人终不为大,
-
故能成其大。
-
夫轻诺必寡信,
-
多易必多难。
-
是以圣人犹难之,
-
故终无难矣。
本章字词
| 字词 | 拼音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| 为 | wéi | 做,作为 |
| 无为 | wú wéi | 顺其自然,不妄作为 |
| 事 | shì | 事奉;从事 |
| 无 | wú | 没有 |
| 事 | shì | 事情,事务 |
| 味 | wèi | 味道;品味 |
| 大 | dà | 大,伟大 |
| 小 | xiǎo | 小 |
| 多 | duō | 多 |
| 少 | shǎo | 少 |
| 报 | bào | 报答,回报 |
| 怨 | yuàn | 怨恨 |
| 以 | yǐ | 用,凭借 |
| 德 | dé | 道在万物与人身上的体现 |
| 图 | tú | 谋划 |
| 难 | nán | 困难 |
| 于 | yú | 对于;在 |
| 其 | qí | 他的;它的;他们的 |
| 易 | yì | 容易 |
| 细 | xì | 细小 |
| 天下 | tiān xià | 天底下,指世间、众人 |
| 必 | bì | 必定 |
| 作 | zuò | 兴起,生长 |
| 是以 | shì yǐ | 因此 |
| 圣人 | shèng rén | 体道而行的理想之人 |
| 终 | zhōng | 始终 |
| 不 | bù | 不 |
| 故 | gù | 所以,因此 |
| 能 | néng | 能够 |
| 成 | chéng | 完成,成就 |
| 夫 | fú | 发语词 |
| 轻 | qīng | 轻;轻视 |
| 诺 | nuò | 许诺 |
| 寡 | guǎ | 少,减少 |
| 信 | xìn | 诚信 |
| 犹 | yóu | 尚且,还 |
| 之 | zhī | 它;他们(作宾语) |
| 矣 | yǐ | 句末语气词,相当于“了” |
英译对照:理雅各(1891)
(It is the way of the Tao) to act without (thinking of) acting; to conduct affairs without (feeling the) trouble of them; to taste without discerning any flavour; to consider what is small as great, and a few as many; and to recompense injury with kindness.
(The master of it) anticipates things that are difficult while they are easy, and does things that would become great while they are small. All difficult things in the world are sure to arise from a previous state in which they were easy, and all great things from one in which they were small. Therefore the sage, while he never does what is great, is able on that account to accomplish the greatest things.
He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult. Therefore the sage sees difficulty even in what seems easy, and so never has any difficulties.
公有领域。来源:Wikisource。
第六十三章解读
本章讲趁事情还小、还容易的时候去处理。开篇三句同一句式:为无为,事无事,味无味。“为无为”也见于第三章。
第三句是全书最简省的句子之一。“大小多少”四字,历来有多种解释,本站理解为以小为大、以少为多。同一句以“报怨以德”收尾。《论语》记载,有人以此问孔子,孔子答道:“以直报怨,以德报德。”
其余部分十分切实:图难于其易,为大于其细,因为天下难事必作于易,天下大事必作于细。所以圣人始终不做大事,反而能成其大;他把事情看得艰难,最终反而没有困难。第六十四章以合抱之木、九层之台、千里之行接着讲这个道理。