第六十三章 道德经 · Dào Dé Jīng

图难于易,为大于细;圣人犹难之,故终无难。

原文

  1. 为wéi无wú为wéi,事shì无wú事shì,

  2. 味wèi无wú味wèi。

  3. 大dà小xiǎo多duō少shǎo,报bào怨yuàn以yǐ德dé。

  4. 图tú难nán于yú其qí易yì,为wéi大dà于yú其qí细xì;

  5. 天tiān下xià难nán事shì必bì作zuò于yú易yì,

  6. 天tiān下xià大dà事shì必bì作zuò于yú细xì。

  7. 是shì以yǐ圣shèng人rén终zhōng不bù为wéi大dà,

  8. 故gù能néng成chéng其qí大dà。

  9. 夫fú轻qīng诺nuò必bì寡guǎ信xìn,

  10. 多duō易yì必bì多duō难nán。

  11. 是shì以yǐ圣shèng人rén犹yóu难nán之zhī,

  12. 故gù终zhōng无wú难nán矣yǐ。

本章字词
第六十三章字词及其拼音与释义
字词拼音释义
为wéi做,作为
无为wú wéi顺其自然,不妄作为
事shì事奉;从事
无wú没有
事shì事情,事务
味wèi味道;品味
大dà大,伟大
小xiǎo小
多duō多
少shǎo少
报bào报答,回报
怨yuàn怨恨
以yǐ用,凭借
德dé道在万物与人身上的体现
图tú谋划
难nán困难
于yú对于;在
其qí他的;它的;他们的
易yì容易
细xì细小
天下tiān xià天底下,指世间、众人
必bì必定
作zuò兴起,生长
是以shì yǐ因此
圣人shèng rén体道而行的理想之人
终zhōng始终
不bù不
故gù所以,因此
能néng能够
成chéng完成,成就
夫fú发语词
轻qīng轻;轻视
诺nuò许诺
寡guǎ少,减少
信xìn诚信
犹yóu尚且,还
之zhī它;他们(作宾语)
矣yǐ句末语气词,相当于“了”
英译对照:理雅各(1891)

(It is the way of the Tao) to act without (thinking of) acting; to conduct affairs without (feeling the) trouble of them; to taste without discerning any flavour; to consider what is small as great, and a few as many; and to recompense injury with kindness.

(The master of it) anticipates things that are difficult while they are easy, and does things that would become great while they are small. All difficult things in the world are sure to arise from a previous state in which they were easy, and all great things from one in which they were small. Therefore the sage, while he never does what is great, is able on that account to accomplish the greatest things.

He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult. Therefore the sage sees difficulty even in what seems easy, and so never has any difficulties.

公有领域。来源:Wikisource。

第六十三章解读

本章讲趁事情还小、还容易的时候去处理。开篇三句同一句式:为无为,事无事,味无味。“为无为”也见于第三章。

第三句是全书最简省的句子之一。“大小多少”四字,历来有多种解释,本站理解为以小为大、以少为多。同一句以“报怨以德”收尾。《论语》记载,有人以此问孔子,孔子答道:“以直报怨,以德报德。”

其余部分十分切实:图难于其易,为大于其细,因为天下难事必作于易,天下大事必作于细。所以圣人始终不做大事,反而能成其大;他把事情看得艰难,最终反而没有困难。第六十四章以合抱之木、九层之台、千里之行接着讲这个道理。

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