第十三章 道德经 · Dào Dé Jīng
宠辱若惊,贵大患若身;贵以身为天下,若可寄天下。
原文
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宠辱若惊,
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贵大患若身。
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何谓宠辱若惊?
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宠为下,得之若惊,
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失之若惊,
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是谓宠辱若惊。
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何谓贵大患若身?
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吾所以有大患者,
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为吾有身,及吾无身,
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吾有何患!
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故贵以身为天下,
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若可寄天下;
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爱以身为天下,
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若可托天下。
本章字词
| 字词 | 拼音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| 宠 | chǒng | 宠爱,得宠 |
| 辱 | rǔ | 屈辱 |
| 若 | ruò | 像,好像 |
| 惊 | jīng | 惊恐 |
| 贵 | guì | 看重,珍视 |
| 大 | dà | 大,伟大 |
| 患 | huàn | 祸患,忧患 |
| 身 | shēn | 自身 |
| 何谓 | hé wèi | 什么叫做 |
| 为 | wéi | 是;作为;成为 |
| 下 | xià | 低,下面 |
| 得 | dé | 得到 |
| 之 | zhī | 它;他们(作宾语) |
| 失 | shī | 失去 |
| 是 | shì | 这 |
| 谓 | wèi | 称为,叫做 |
| 吾 | wú | 我 |
| 所以 | suǒ yǐ | ……的原因;用来……的 |
| 有 | yǒu | 有,占有 |
| 者 | zhě | ……的人;……的原因 |
| 为 | wèi | 因为 |
| 及 | jí | 等到,如果 |
| 无 | wú | 没有 |
| 何 | hé | 什么,怎么 |
| 故 | gù | 所以,因此 |
| 以 | yǐ | 把,拿(以……为……) |
| 天下 | tiān xià | 天底下,指世间、众人 |
| 可 | kě | 可以 |
| 寄 | jì | 寄托 |
| 爱 | ài | 爱护 |
| 托 | tuō | 托付 |
英译对照:理雅各(1891)
Favour and disgrace would seem equally to be feared; honour and great calamity, to be regarded as personal conditions (of the same kind).
What is meant by speaking thus of favour and disgrace? Disgrace is being in a low position (after the enjoyment of favour). The getting that (favour) leads to the apprehension (of losing it), and the losing it leads to the fear of (still greater calamity):--this is what is meant by saying that favour and disgrace would seem equally to be feared.
And what is meant by saying that honour and great calamity are to be (similarly) regarded as personal conditions? What makes me liable to great calamity is my having the body (which I call myself); if I had not the body, what great calamity could come to me?
Therefore he who would administer the kingdom, honouring it as he honours his own person, may be employed to govern it, and he who would administer it with the love which he bears to his own person may be entrusted with it.
公有领域。来源:Wikisource。
第十三章解读
第十三章讨论宠与辱为什么都会使人惊慌,是较难解读的一章。它先提出两句话:“宠辱若惊”,得宠与受辱都令人惊恐;“贵大患若身”,重视大患就像重视自身。然后逐一解释。
得宠被说成是卑下的:得到它令人惊恐,失去它也令人惊恐。大患来自“有身”,即有一个需要保护的自我:如果我没有身,又有什么祸患呢?这里并不是要人轻视自己,而是指出忧患源于对自身的执着。
最后四句历来有不同读法。本站依照摘要中的理解:像珍重自身一样珍重天下的人,可以把天下寄托给他;像爱惜自身一样爱惜天下的人,可以把天下交付给他。王弼注说,没有什么东西能换走他的身,这样的人才可以托付天下。身与外物孰轻孰重,又见于第四十四章;“以身轻天下”的君主,见于第二十六章。