第二十三章 道德经 · Dào Dé Jīng
希言自然;同于道者道亦乐得之,同于失者失亦乐得之。
原文
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希言自然。
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故飘风不终朝,
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骤雨不终日。
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孰为此者?天地。
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天地尚不能久,
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而况于人乎?
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故从事于道者,
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道者同于道,
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德者同于德,
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失者同于失。
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同于道者,道亦乐得之;
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同于德者,德亦乐得之;
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同于失者,失亦乐得之。
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信不足焉,有不信焉。
本章字词
| 字词 | 拼音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| 希 | xī | 无声;稀少 |
| 言 | yán | 言语,说话 |
| 自然 | zì rán | 自然而然,本来如此 |
| 故 | gù | 所以,因此 |
| 飘风 | piāo fēng | 旋风,狂风 |
| 不 | bù | 不 |
| 终 | zhōng | 终了,整个 |
| 朝 | zhāo | 早晨 |
| 骤雨 | zhòu yǔ | 暴雨 |
| 终日 | zhōng rì | 整天 |
| 孰 | shú | 谁,哪个 |
| 为 | wéi | 做,作为 |
| 此 | cǐ | 这,这些 |
| 者 | zhě | ……的人;……的原因 |
| 天地 | tiān dì | 天与地,指整个自然界 |
| 尚 | shàng | 尚且 |
| 能 | néng | 能够 |
| 久 | jiǔ | 长久 |
| 而 | ér | 并且;而后 |
| 况 | kuàng | 何况 |
| 于 | yú | 对于;在 |
| 人 | rén | 人 |
| 乎 | hū | 句末疑问语气词,相当于“吗” |
| 从事 | cóng shì | 从事,致力于 |
| 道 | dào | 宇宙万物的本原与规律 |
| 同 | tóng | 混同,与……合一 |
| 德 | dé | 道在万物与人身上的体现 |
| 失 | shī | 失去 |
| 亦 | yì | 也 |
| 乐 | lè | 乐意;以……为乐 |
| 得 | dé | 得到 |
| 之 | zhī | 它;他们(作宾语) |
| 信 | xìn | 诚信 |
| 足 | zú | 足够 |
| 焉 | yān | 于此,在其中 |
| 有 | yǒu | 有,占有 |
英译对照:理雅各(1891)
Abstaining from speech marks him who is obeying the spontaneity of his nature. A violent wind does not last for a whole morning; a sudden rain does not last for the whole day. To whom is it that these (two) things are owing? To Heaven and Earth. If Heaven and Earth cannot make such (spasmodic) actings last long, how much less can man!
Therefore when one is making the Tao his business, those who are also pursuing it, agree with him in it, and those who are making the manifestation of its course their object agree with him in that; while even those who are failing in both these things agree with him where they fail.
Hence, those with whom he agrees as to the Tao have the happiness of attaining to it; those with whom he agrees as to its manifestation have the happiness of attaining to it; and those with whom he agrees in their failure have also the happiness of attaining (to the Tao). (But) when there is not faith sufficient (on his part), a want of faith (in him) ensues (on the part of the others).
公有领域。来源:Wikisource。
第二十三章解读
第二十三章以“希言自然”开头:少说话,才合乎自然。大自然本身就是例子:狂风刮不了一个早晨,暴雨下不了一整天。这是天地造成的;连天地都不能使这种激烈的现象长久,何况人呢?
本章接着讲相合。从事于道的人,与道相合;从事于德的人,与德相合;从事于失的人,与失相合。而且各有所得:与道相合的,道也乐于得到他;与德相合的,德也乐于得到他;与失相合的,失也乐于得到他。人站在哪一边,哪一边就接纳他。
第七至第十三句文字简省,各版本也有出入;本站从王弼本,把“失”理解为失去,与道、德相对。末句“信不足焉,有不信焉”也见于第十七章。“自然”又见于第二十五章末尾,“希言”则让人想起第二章的“不言之教”。