第二十三章 道德经 · Dào Dé Jīng

希言自然;同于道者道亦乐得之,同于失者失亦乐得之。

原文

  1. 希xī言yán自zì然rán。

  2. 故gù飘piāo风fēng不bù终zhōng朝zhāo,

  3. 骤zhòu雨yǔ不bù终zhōng日rì。

  4. 孰shú为wéi此cǐ者zhě?天tiān地dì。

  5. 天tiān地dì尚shàng不bù能néng久jiǔ,

  6. 而ér况kuàng于yú人rén乎hū?

  7. 故gù从cóng事shì于yú道dào者zhě,

  8. 道dào者zhě同tóng于yú道dào,

  9. 德dé者zhě同tóng于yú德dé,

  10. 失shī者zhě同tóng于yú失shī。

  11. 同tóng于yú道dào者zhě,道dào亦yì乐lè得dé之zhī;

  12. 同tóng于yú德dé者zhě,德dé亦yì乐lè得dé之zhī;

  13. 同tóng于yú失shī者zhě,失shī亦yì乐lè得dé之zhī。

  14. 信xìn不bù足zú焉yān,有yǒu不bù信xìn焉yān。

本章字词
第二十三章字词及其拼音与释义
字词拼音释义
希xī无声;稀少
言yán言语,说话
自然zì rán自然而然,本来如此
故gù所以,因此
飘风piāo fēng旋风,狂风
不bù不
终zhōng终了,整个
朝zhāo早晨
骤雨zhòu yǔ暴雨
终日zhōng rì整天
孰shú谁,哪个
为wéi做,作为
此cǐ这,这些
者zhě……的人;……的原因
天地tiān dì天与地,指整个自然界
尚shàng尚且
能néng能够
久jiǔ长久
而ér并且;而后
况kuàng何况
于yú对于;在
人rén人
乎hū句末疑问语气词,相当于“吗”
从事cóng shì从事,致力于
道dào宇宙万物的本原与规律
同tóng混同,与……合一
德dé道在万物与人身上的体现
失shī失去
亦yì也
乐lè乐意;以……为乐
得dé得到
之zhī它;他们(作宾语)
信xìn诚信
足zú足够
焉yān于此,在其中
有yǒu有,占有
英译对照:理雅各(1891)

Abstaining from speech marks him who is obeying the spontaneity of his nature. A violent wind does not last for a whole morning; a sudden rain does not last for the whole day. To whom is it that these (two) things are owing? To Heaven and Earth. If Heaven and Earth cannot make such (spasmodic) actings last long, how much less can man!

Therefore when one is making the Tao his business, those who are also pursuing it, agree with him in it, and those who are making the manifestation of its course their object agree with him in that; while even those who are failing in both these things agree with him where they fail.

Hence, those with whom he agrees as to the Tao have the happiness of attaining to it; those with whom he agrees as to its manifestation have the happiness of attaining to it; and those with whom he agrees in their failure have also the happiness of attaining (to the Tao). (But) when there is not faith sufficient (on his part), a want of faith (in him) ensues (on the part of the others).

公有领域。来源:Wikisource。

第二十三章解读

第二十三章以“希言自然”开头:少说话,才合乎自然。大自然本身就是例子:狂风刮不了一个早晨,暴雨下不了一整天。这是天地造成的;连天地都不能使这种激烈的现象长久,何况人呢?

本章接着讲相合。从事于道的人,与道相合;从事于德的人,与德相合;从事于失的人,与失相合。而且各有所得:与道相合的,道也乐于得到他;与德相合的,德也乐于得到他;与失相合的,失也乐于得到他。人站在哪一边,哪一边就接纳他。

第七至第十三句文字简省,各版本也有出入;本站从王弼本,把“失”理解为失去,与道、德相对。末句“信不足焉,有不信焉”也见于第十七章。“自然”又见于第二十五章末尾,“希言”则让人想起第二章的“不言之教”。

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