第六十二章 道德经 · Dào Dé Jīng
道为万物之奥,善人之宝,不善人之所保,胜于一切珍宝。
原文
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道者万物之奥。
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善人之宝,不善人之所保。
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美言可以市,尊行可以加人。
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人之不善,何弃之有?
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故立天子,置三公,
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虽有拱璧以先驷马,
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不如坐进此道。
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古之所以贵此道者何?
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不曰以求得,有罪以免邪?
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故为天下贵。
本章字词
| 字词 | 拼音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| 道 | dào | 宇宙万物的本原与规律 |
| 者 | zhě | ……的人;……的原因 |
| 万物 | wàn wù | 世间一切事物 |
| 之 | zhī | 的 |
| 奥 | ào | 深藏之处,庇荫 |
| 善人 | shàn rén | 善良的人 |
| 宝 | bǎo | 宝物 |
| 不 | bù | 不 |
| 之 | zhī | 用于主谓之间,使其成为名词性短语 |
| 所 | suǒ | 所……的(地方或事物) |
| 保 | bǎo | 保持 |
| 美 | měi | 美,美好 |
| 言 | yán | 言语,说话 |
| 可 | kě | 可以 |
| 以 | yǐ | 用,凭借 |
| 市 | shì | 买卖,交易 |
| 尊 | zūn | 尊崇;尊贵 |
| 行 | xíng | 行走,运行 |
| 加 | jiā | 加于,超过 |
| 人 | rén | 人 |
| 善 | shàn | 善于,擅长 |
| 何 | hé | 什么,怎么 |
| 弃 | qì | 抛弃 |
| 之 | zhī | 它;他们(作宾语) |
| 有 | yǒu | 有,占有 |
| 故 | gù | 所以,因此 |
| 立 | lì | 拥立 |
| 天子 | tiān zǐ | 天子,君王 |
| 置 | zhì | 设置,任命 |
| 三 | sān | 三 |
| 公 | gōng | 三公,最高官职 |
| 虽 | suī | 虽然 |
| 拱璧 | gǒng bì | 两手合抱的大璧 |
| 先 | xiān | 在前,先于 |
| 驷 | sì | 四马驾的车 |
| 马 | mǎ | 马 |
| 不如 | bù rú | 比不上;不如……好 |
| 坐 | zuò | 坐着 |
| 进 | jìn | 进献 |
| 此 | cǐ | 这,这些 |
| 古 | gǔ | 古代 |
| 所以 | suǒ yǐ | ……的原因;用来……的 |
| 贵 | guì | 看重,珍视 |
| 曰 | yuē | 叫做,称为 |
| 求 | qiú | 求取 |
| 得 | dé | 得到 |
| 罪 | zuì | 罪过 |
| 免 | miǎn | 免除 |
| 邪 | yé | 句末疑问语气词,同“耶” |
| 为 | wéi | 是;作为;成为 |
| 天下 | tiān xià | 天底下,指世间、众人 |
| 贵 | guì | 尊贵 |
英译对照:理雅各(1891)
Tao has of all things the most honoured place.
No treasures give good men so rich a grace;
Bad men it guards, and doth their ill efface.
(Its) admirable words can purchase honour; (its) admirable deeds can raise their performer above others. Even men who are not good are not abandoned by it.
Therefore when the sovereign occupies his place as the Son of Heaven, and he has appointed his three ducal ministers, though (a prince) were to send in a round symbol-of-rank large enough to fill both the hands, and that as the precursor of the team of horses (in the court-yard), such an offering would not be equal to (a lesson of) this Tao, which one might present on his knees.
Why was it that the ancients prized this Tao so much? Was it not because it could be got by seeking for it, and the guilty could escape (from the stain of their guilt) by it? This is the reason why all under heaven consider it the most valuable thing.
公有领域。来源:Wikisource。
第六十二章解读
本章把道描述为一处对所有人敞开的庇护所,善人与不善人都在其中。它说道是“万物之奥”:“奥”本指房屋深处的角落,是藏身避护之所,这里理解为隐秘的庇护所。
美言可以买卖,尊贵的行为可以抬高一个人;但人有不善,又何必抛弃他?这与第二十七章圣人“无弃人”的意思相近。接着转向朝廷的典礼:立天子、置三公之时,虽有拱璧在前、驷马在后的厚礼,还不如坐着进献此道。
结尾问:古人为什么看重此道?答以一句成语:凭借它,有求就能得到,有罪就能免除。本站把这里的“以”理解为“凭借道”。末句“故为天下贵”与第五十六章的结语相同。